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<title>Program 973</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Program 973</span></span>

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</p><p><b>973 Program</b> (<a href="Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">973计划</span>) or also known as <b>National Basic Research Program</b> is a basic research program initiated by the <a href="People's_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> to achieve technology and strategic edge in various scientific fields and especially the development of the rare earth minerals industry.<sup id="cite_ref-nbrp_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbrp-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-au_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-au-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The program was absorbed alongside the <a href="863_Program" title="863 Program">863 Program</a> into the "National Key R&D Program" in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>The program was initiated in 1997 by the Chinese government as part of the <a href="Revitalize_the_country_through_science_and_education" title="Revitalize the country through science and education">revitalize the country through science and education</a> policy to develop basic research, innovations and technologies aligned with national priorities in economic development and social development.<sup id="cite_ref-nbrp_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbrp-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The program was managed by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology.<sup id="cite_ref-mst_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mst-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Natural Science Foundation of China is also involved in coordinating the research with the program.<sup id="cite_ref-sc_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Over the years the program has dedicated funding to areas such as agriculture, health, information, energy, environment, resources, population and materials.<sup id="cite_ref-nbrp_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbrp-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sc_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Project_funding">Project funding</h2></div>

<p>The central government has in the past funded projects for a term of no more than five years.<sup id="cite_ref-hk_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hk-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recently, the funding model has changed to 2 + 3 years. Two years after the project has been implemented, it will be assessed by a special panel and allocate funding accordingly.<sup id="cite_ref-hk_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hk-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Science_and_technology_in_China" title="Science and technology in China">Science and technology in China</a></li>

<li><a href="Advanced_materials_industry_in_China" title="Advanced materials industry in China">Advanced materials industry in China</a></li>

<li><a href="Project_985" title="Project 985">Project 985</a></li>

<li><a href="Project_211" title="Project 211">Project 211</a></li>

<li><a href="Program_863" class="mw-redirect" title="Program 863">Program 863</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070612185037/http://www.973.gov.cn/English/Index.aspx">"National Basic Research Program of China"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.973.gov.cn/English/Index.aspx">the original</a> on 12 June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-au-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-au_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110216185140/http://aes.asn.au/publications/Vol2No1/govt_sci_tech_in_china.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aes.asn.au/publications/Vol2No1/govt_sci_tech_in_china.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 16 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite web}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)</span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cset.georgetown.edu/publication/press-conference-on-the-launch-and-implementation-of-the-national-key-rd-program-summary-transcript/">"Press Conference on the "Launch and Implementation of the National Key R&D Program": Summary Transcript"</a>. <i><a href="Center_for_Security_and_Emerging_Technology" title="Center for Security and Emerging Technology">Center for Security and Emerging Technology</a></i>. 13 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231003013549/https://cset.georgetown.edu/publication/press-conference-on-the-launch-and-implementation-of-the-national-key-rd-program-summary-transcript/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-mst-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mst_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.most.gov.cn/eng/programmes1/200610/t20061009_36223.htm">"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China"</a>. <i>www.most.gov.cn</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101127141206/http://most.gov.cn/eng/programmes1/200610/t20061009_36223.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-sc-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sc_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sc_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.swissnexchina.org/activities/ongoing-projects-1/091029_overview_stchina.pdf">http://www.swissnexchina.org/activities/ongoing-projects-1/091029_overview_stchina.pdf</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-hk-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hk_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hk_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721085944/http://www.szdo.cuhk.edu.hk/en-GB/research-funding/national-funding">"National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.szdo.cuhk.edu.hk/en-GB/research-funding/national-funding">the original</a> on 21 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

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</style><div id="Science_and_technology_in_China150" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Science_and_technology_in_China" title="Science and technology in China">Science and technology in China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Advanced_materials_industry_in_China" title="Advanced materials industry in China"> Advanced materials</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_aircraft_carrier_programme" title="Chinese aircraft carrier programme"> Aircraft carrier</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_architecture" title="Chinese architecture">Architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Artificial_intelligence_industry_in_China" title="Artificial intelligence industry in China"> Artificial intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_astronomy" title="Chinese astronomy">Astronomy</a></li>

<li><a href="Automotive_industry_in_China" title="Automotive industry in China">Automotive industry</a></li>

<li><a href="Civil_aviation_in_China" title="Civil aviation in China"> Aviation </a></li>

<li><a href="Lithium_batteries_in_China" title="Lithium batteries in China"> Battery </a></li>

<li><a href="Biotechnology_industry_in_China" title="Biotechnology industry in China">Biotechnology</a></li>

<li><a href="Bioenergy_in_China" title="Bioenergy in China"> Bioenergy</a></li>

<li><a href="South%E2%80%93North_Water_Transfer_Project" title="South–North Water Transfer Project"> Canal</a></li>

<li><a href="Cloud_Computing" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloud Computing"> Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Chemical_industry_in_China" title="Chemical industry in China"> Chemical</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyberwarfare_and_China" title="Cyberwarfare and China">Cyberwarfare</a></li>

<li><a href="DJI" title="DJI">Drone</a></li>

<li><a href="Cross-Border_Interbank_Payment_System" title="Cross-Border Interbank Payment System">Interbank Payment System</a></li>

<li><a href="Internet_in_China" title="Internet in China">Internet</a></li>

<li><a href="Logic_in_China" title="Logic in China">Logic</a></li>

<li><a href="Industry_of_China" title="Industry of China">Manufacturing</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_mathematics" title="Chinese mathematics">Mathematics</a></li>

<li><a href="Pharmaceutical_industry_in_China" title="Pharmaceutical industry in China">Medicine</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_metallurgy_in_China" title="History of metallurgy in China">Metallurgy</a></li>

<li>Mining</li>

<li><a href="Mobile_payments_in_China" title="Mobile payments in China">Mobile payments</a></li>

<li><a href="BeiDou" title="BeiDou">Navigation System</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuclear_power_in_China" title="Nuclear power in China">Nuclear power</a></li>

<li><a href="Petroleum_industry_in_China" title="Petroleum industry in China"> Petroleum</a></li>

<li><a href="Rail_transport_in_China" title="Rail transport in China">Railways</a></li>

<li><a href="Rare_earth_industry_in_China" title="Rare earth industry in China"> Rare earth</a></li>

<li><a href="Renewable_energy_in_China" title="Renewable energy in China">Renewable energy</a></li>

<li><a href="Semiconductor_industry_in_China" title="Semiconductor industry in China">Semiconductors</a></li>

<li><a href="Shipping_industry_of_China" title="Shipping industry of China">Shipping</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_tallest_buildings_in_China" title="List of tallest buildings in China">Skyscrapers</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_industry_in_China" title="Software industry in China">Software</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_space_program" title="Chinese space program">Space program</a></li>

<li><a href="Steel_industry_in_China" title="Steel industry in China">Steel</a></li>

<li><a href="Supercomputing_in_China" title="Supercomputing in China">Supercomputing</a></li>

<li><a href="Telecommunications_in_China" title="Telecommunications in China">Telecommunications</a></li>

<li><a href="Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope" title="Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope">Telescope</a></li>

<li><a href="TMSR-LF1" title="TMSR-LF1">Thorium Reactor</a></li>

<li><a href="Wuhan_Institute_of_Virology" title="Wuhan Institute of Virology"> Virology</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="History_of_science_and_technology_in_China" title="History of science and technology in China">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Chinese_inventions" title="List of Chinese inventions">Inventions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Chinese_discoveries" title="List of Chinese discoveries">Discoveries</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_units_of_measurement" title="Chinese units of measurement">History of measurement systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Calendar</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_metallurgy_in_China" title="History of metallurgy in China">History of metallurgy</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_Chinese_coinage" title="Ancient Chinese coinage">Ancient coinage</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_printing_in_East_Asia" title="History of printing in East Asia">Printing</a></li>

<li><a href="Cartography_of_China" title="Cartography of China">Cartography</a></li>

<li><a href="Naval_history_of_China" title="Naval history of China">Maritime history</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_history_of_China_before_1912" title="Military history of China before 1912">Military history</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Education_in_China" title="Education in China">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Academic_grading_in_China" title="Academic grading in China">Academic grading</a></li>

<li><a href="Higher_education_in_China" title="Higher education in China">Higher education</a></li>

<li>Research institutes</li>

<li>Science museums</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Astronomers</li>

<li>Biologists</li>

<li>Chemists</li>

<li>Computer programmers</li>

<li>Computer scientists</li>

<li>Earth scientists</li>

<li>Engineers</li>

<li>Food scientists</li>

<li>Inventors</li>

<li>Mathematicians</li>

<li><a href="List_of_Chinese_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Chinese Nobel laureates">Nobel laureates</a></li>

<li>Pharmacologists</li>

<li>Physicians</li>

<li>Physicists</li>

<li>Science writers</li>

<li>Social scientists</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutes and programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="863_Program" title="863 Program">863 Program</a></li>

<li>Research institutes</li>

<li><a href="Chinese_Academy_of_Engineering" title="Chinese Academy of Engineering">Chinese Academy of Engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences">Chinese Academy of Sciences</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Social Sciences">Chinese Academy of Social Sciences</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Natural_Science_Foundation_of_China" title="National Natural Science Foundation of China">National Natural Science Foundation of China</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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